List of countries by external debt

This is a list of countries by external debt, the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods, or services,[1] where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based in the country under consideration.

The total United States public debt is numerically very similar to United States external debt, but only about a third of United States public debt is external. [4] For discussions of debt ceilings and government defaults in the US and Europe, public debt figures need to be considered.

For informational purposes several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list. Note that this list is gross debt, not net debt. For net debt, see Net international investment position.

Rank Country External Debt[2]
US dollars		 Date Per capita[3][4][5][6]
US dollars		 % of GDP[7][8][9]
1  United States 15,041,163,000,000 30 June 2011 &1000000000004756800000047,568 &1000000000000009900000099
—  European Union 13,720,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000002786400000027,864 &1000000000000008500000085
2  United Kingdom 8,981,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &10000000000144338000000144,338 &10000000000000400000000400
3  Germany 4,713,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000005775500000057,755 &10000000000000142000000142
4  France 4,698,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000007461900000074,619 &10000000000000182000000182
5  Japan 2,441,000,000,000 30 September 2010 &1000000000001914800000019,148 &1000000000000004500000045
6  Ireland[10][11] 2,378,000,000,000 10 November 2011 &10000000000519070000000519,070 &100000000000011650000001,165
7  Italy 2,223,000,000,000 30 June 2010 est. &1000000000003684100000036,841 &10000000000000108000000108
8  Spain 2,166,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000004706900000047,069 &10000000000000154000000154
9  Luxembourg[note 1] 1,892,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &100000000036964670000003,696,467 &100000000000034430000003,443
10  Belgium 1,241,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &10000000000113603000000113,603 &10000000000000266000000266
11  Switzerland 1,200,000,000,000 30 September 2010 &10000000000154063000000154,063 &10000000000000229000000229
12  Australia 1,169,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000005259600000052,596 &1000000000000009500000095
13  Canada 1,009,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000002962500000029,625 &1000000000000006400000064
14  Sweden 853,300,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000009148700000091,487 &10000000000000187000000187
15  Austria 755,000,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000009012800000090,128 &10000000000000200000000200
—  Hong Kong 750,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000105420000000105,420 &10000000000000334000000334
16  Norway 643,000,000,000 12 August 2011 &10000000000131220000000131,220 &10000000000000141000000141
17  Denmark 559,500,000,000 30 June 2010 &10000000000101084000000101,084 &10000000000000180000000180
18  Greece 532,900,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000004763600000047,636 &10000000000000174000000174
19  China 529,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000396000000396 &100000000000000050000005
20  Portugal 497,800,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000004679500000046,795 &10000000000000217000000217
21  Russia 480,200,000,000 30 November 2010 est. &100000000000034210000003,421 &1000000000000003300000033
22  Netherlands 371,028,000,000 31 December 2009 &1000000000004717200000047,172 &1000000000000007400000074
23  Finland 370,800,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000006896000000068,960 &10000000000000155000000155
24  Korea, South 370,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000075670000007,567 &1000000000000003700000037
25  India 326,600,000,000 30 September 2011 &10000000000000273000000273 &1000000000000002100000021
26  Brazil 310,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000016080000001,608 &1000000000000001500000015
27  Turkey 270,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000037940000003,794 &1000000000000003600000036
28  Poland 252,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000066390000006,639 &1000000000000005400000054
29  Mexico 212,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000019560000001,956 &1000000000000002000000020
30  Indonesia 196,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000837000000837 &1000000000000002800000028
31  Argentina 160,900,000,000 30 September 2010 est. &100000000000039710000003,971 &1000000000000004300000043
32  Hungary 148,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001482100000014,821 &10000000000000115000000115
33  United Arab Emirates 122,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000002427300000024,273 &1000000000000004100000041
34  Romania 108,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000050820000005,082 &1000000000000006700000067
35  Ukraine 97,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000021440000002,144 &1000000000000007100000071
36  Chile 96,570,000,000 30 June 2011 &10000000000000280000000280 &1000000000000002000000020
37  Kazakhstan 94,440,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000060600000006,060 &1000000000000006800000068
38  Israel 89,680,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001207000000012,070 &1000000000000004200000042
39  Czech Republic 86,790,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000082600000008,260 &1000000000000004500000045
40  Saudi Arabia 82,920,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000031760000003,176 &1000000000000001900000019
41  Thailand 82,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000012920000001,292 &1000000000000002600000026
42  South Africa 80,520,000,000 30 June 2010 est. &100000000000016130000001,613 &1000000000000002300000023
43  Malaysia 72,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000025700000002,570 &1000000000000003100000031
44  Qatar 71,380,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000004198800000041,988 &1000000000000005500000055
45  New Zealand 219,589,000,000 March 2011[12] &1000000000005026000000050,260 &10000000000000127000000127
46  Philippines 59,770,000,000 30 September 2010 est. &10000000000000636000000636 &1000000000000003200000032
47  Croatia 59,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001351900000013,519 &1000000000000009900000099
48  Slovakia 59,330,000,000 30 June 2010 est. &1000000000001092600000010,926 &1000000000000006800000068
49  Colombia 57,740,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000012690000001,269 &1000000000000002000000020
50  Pakistan 57,210,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000343000000343 &1000000000000003300000033
51  Kuwait 56,810,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001575400000015,754 &1000000000000004300000043
52  Venezuela 55,610,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000019060000001,906 &1000000000000001900000019
53  Iraq 52,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000016410000001,641 &1000000000000006400000064
54  Slovenia 51,570,000,000 30 June 2010 &1000000000002555500000025,555 &10000000000000108000000108
55  Bulgaria 47,150,000,000 30 November 2010 est. &100000000000062610000006,261 &1000000000000009900000099
56  Sudan 37,980,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000946000000946 &1000000000000005500000055
57  Latvia 37,280,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001658400000016,584 &10000000000000155000000155
58  Lebanon 34,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000088150000008,815 &1000000000000008800000088
59  Vietnam 33,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000379000000379 &1000000000000003200000032
60  Peru 33,290,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000011260000001,126 &1000000000000002200000022
61  Cyprus 32,610,000,000 31 December 2008 est. &1000000000003781200000037,812 &10000000000000129000000129
62  Serbia 30,900,000,000 30 November 2010 est. &100000000000041780000004,178 &1000000000000008000000080
63  Egypt 30,610,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000391000000391 &1000000000000001400000014
64  Lithuania 27,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000083810000008,381 &1000000000000007600000076
65  Belarus 24,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000026290000002,629 &1000000000000004500000045
66  Bangladesh 24,460,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000149000000149 &1000000000000002300000023
67  Morocco 22,690,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000712000000712 &1000000000000002200000022
68  Estonia 22,210,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001728400000017,284 &10000000000000112000000112
69  Singapore 21,660,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000041940000004,194 &1000000000000001000000010
70  Cuba 19,750,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000017800000001,780 &1000000000000003400000034
71  Tunisia 18,760,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000017790000001,779 &1000000000000004200000042
72  Monaco 16,500,000,000 July 2011 est. &100000000000052650000005,265 &10000000000000260000000260
73  Angola 17,980,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000944000000944 &1000000000000002100000021
74  Sri Lanka 17,970,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000881000000881 &1000000000000003600000036
75  Guatemala 17,470,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000012160000001,216 &1000000000000004200000042
76  Ecuador 14,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000995000000995 &1000000000000002500000025
77  Bahrain 14,680,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001326100000013,261 &1000000000000006500000065
78  Panama 13,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000039270000003,927 &1000000000000005200000052
79  Congo, Democratic Republic of the 13,500,000,000 2009 est. &10000000000000197000000197 &10000000000000122000000122
80  Uruguay 13,390,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000039890000003,989 &1000000000000003300000033
81  Dominican Republic 13,090,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000013260000001,326 &1000000000000002500000025
82  Iran 12,840,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000170000000170 &100000000000000040000004
83  Jamaica 12,660,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000046600000004,660 &1000000000000009200000092
84  Korea, North 12,500,000,000 2001 est. &10000000000000544000000544 N/A
85  Cote d'Ivoire 11,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000527000000527 &1000000000000005100000051
86  El Salvador 11,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000019530000001,953 &1000000000000005300000053
87  Nigeria 11,020,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000000007100000071 &100000000000000050000005
88  Oman 8,829,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000029620000002,962 &1000000000000001600000016
89  Costa Rica 8,550,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000018740000001,874 &1000000000000002400000024
90  Bosnia and Herzegovina 7,996,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000020520000002,052 &1000000000000004800000048
91  Kenya 7,935,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000200000000200 &1000000000000002500000025
92  Syria 7,682,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000373000000373 &1000000000000001300000013
93  Zimbabwe 7,662,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000609000000609 &10000000000000103000000103
94  Tanzania 7,576,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000183000000183 &1000000000000003300000033
95  Yemen 7,147,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000293000000293 &1000000000000002300000023
96  Burma 7,145,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000117000000117 &1000000000000001700000017
97  Ghana 6,483,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000274000000274 &1000000000000002100000021
98  Libya 6,378,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000972000000972 &100000000000000090000009
99  Malta 5,978,000,000 31 December 2010 &1000000000001423300000014,233 &1000000000000007200000072
100  Laos 5,797,000,000 2010 est. &10000000000000900000000900 &1000000000000009100000091
101  Jordan 5,522,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000903000000903 &1000000000000002000000020
102  Republic of Macedonia 5,485,000,000 30 September 2010 est. &100000000000026680000002,668 &1000000000000006000000060
103  Armenia 5,227,000,000 30 June 2010 &100000000000015840000001,584 &1000000000000005600000056
104  Mauritius 5,043,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000039370000003,937 &1000000000000005200000052
105  Turkmenistan 5,000,000,000 2009 est. &10000000000000978000000978 &1000000000000002500000025
106  Congo, Republic of the 5,000,000,000 2000 est. &100000000000017220000001,722 &10000000000000155000000155
107  Mozambique 4,990,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000231000000231 &1000000000000005000000050
108  Moldova 4,618,000,000 30 September 2010 est. &100000000000012960000001,296 &1000000000000007900000079
109  Nepal 4,500,000,000 2009 &10000000000000161000000161 &1000000000000003500000035
110  Cambodia 4,338,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000304000000304 &1000000000000003700000037
111  Trinidad and Tobago 4,303,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000035020000003,502 &1000000000000002100000021
112  Ethiopia 4,289,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000000005100000051 &1000000000000001400000014
113  Uzbekistan 4,236,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000150000000150 &1000000000000001100000011
114  Algeria 4,138,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000115000000115 &100000000000000030000003
115  Nicaragua 4,030,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000693000000693 &1000000000000006200000062
116  Senegal 3,885,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000296000000296 &1000000000000003000000030
117  Kyrgyzstan 3,738,000,000 30 June 2010 &10000000000000699000000699 &1000000000000008100000081
118  Honduras 3,540,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000465000000465 &1000000000000002300000023
119  Zambia 3,495,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000264000000264 &1000000000000002200000022
120  Georgia 4,252,236,000 31 October 2011 &10000000000000917000000917 &1000000000000003100000031
121  Cameroon 3,344,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000164000000164 &1000000000000001500000015
122  Azerbaijan 3,221,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000356000000356 &100000000000000060000006
123  Liberia 3,200,000,000 2005 est. &10000000000000930000000930 &10000000000000590000000590
124  Iceland 3,073,000,000 2002 &1000000000001067000000010,670 &1000000000000003500000035
125  Guinea 3,072,000,000 31 December 2009 est. &10000000000000305000000305 &1000000000000006800000068
126  Somalia 3,000,000,000 2001 est. &10000000000000386000000386 N/A
127  Madagascar 2,973,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000140000000140 &1000000000000003600000036
128  Benin 2,894,000,000 31 December 2009 est. &10000000000000308000000308 &1000000000000004300000043
129  Uganda 2,888,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000000008500000085 &1000000000000001700000017
130  Bolivia 2,864,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000275000000275 &1000000000000001500000015
131  Albania 2,810,000,000 2009 &10000000000000882000000882 &1000000000000002300000023
132  Mali 2,800,000,000 2002 &10000000000000254000000254 &1000000000000008800000088
133  Afghanistan 2,700,000,000 FY08/09 &1000000000000009200000092 &1000000000000002200000022
134  Paraguay 2,445,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000382000000382 &1000000000000001300000013
135  Gabon 2,374,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000015870000001,587 &1000000000000001800000018
136  Namibia 2,373,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000011310000001,131 &1000000000000002000000020
137  Botswana 2,222,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &100000000000012080000001,208 &1000000000000001600000016
138  Niger 2,100,000,000 2003 est. &10000000000000178000000178 &1000000000000007900000079
139  Burkina Faso 2,002,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000136000000136 &1000000000000002300000023
140  Tajikistan 1,997,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000262000000262 &1000000000000003500000035
141  Mongolia 1,860,000,000 2009 &10000000000000686000000686 &1000000000000004100000041
142  Chad 1,749,000,000 31 December 2008 est. &10000000000000160000000160 &1000000000000002100000021
143  Sierra Leone 1,610,000,000 2003 est. &10000000000000340000000340 &1000000000000006100000061
144  Papua New Guinea 1,548,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000238000000238 &1000000000000001600000016
145  Seychelles 1,374,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000001561400000015,614 &10000000000000147000000147
146  Malawi 1,213,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000000007700000077 &1000000000000002400000024
147  Burundi 1,200,000,000 2003 &10000000000000167000000167 &10000000000000202000000202
148  Central African Republic 1,153,000,000 2007 est. &10000000000000270000000270 &1000000000000006800000068
—  West Bank 1,040,000,000 2010 est. &10000000000000414000000414 N/A
149  Belize 1,010,000,000 2009 est. &100000000000030790000003,079 &1000000000000007500000075
150  Eritrea 961,900,000 31 December 2008 est. &10000000000000195000000195 &1000000000000005800000058
151  Maldives 943,000,000 2010 est. &100000000000029470000002,947 &1000000000000005000000050
152  Guinea-Bissau 941,500,000 2000 est. &10000000000000722000000722 &10000000000000259000000259
153  Bhutan 836,000,000 2009 &100000000000011930000001,193 &1000000000000006400000064
154  Equatorial Guinea 832,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000634000000634 &100000000000000060000006
155  Guyana 804,300,000 30 September 2008 &100000000000010490000001,049 &1000000000000004200000042
156  Barbados 668,000,000 2003 &100000000000024560000002,456 &1000000000000002200000022
157  Montenegro 650,000,000 2006 &10000000000000939000000939 &1000000000000002400000024
158  Lesotho 647,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000255000000255 &1000000000000003000000030
159  Gambia, The 530,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000306000000306 &1000000000000005000000050
160  Suriname 504,300,000 2005 est. &100000000000010110000001,011 &1000000000000002800000028
161  Swaziland 497,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &10000000000000428000000428 &1000000000000001400000014
162  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 479,000,000 2010 est. &100000000000044770000004,477 &1000000000000008500000085
—  Aruba 478,600,000 2005 est. &100000000000049350000004,935 &1000000000000002100000021
163  Djibouti 428,000,000 2006 &10000000000000573000000573 &1000000000000005600000056
164  Antigua and Barbuda 359,800,000 June 2006 &100000000000043880000004,388 &1000000000000003600000036
165  Haiti 350,000,000 31 December 2010 est. &1000000000000003600000036 &100000000000000050000005
166  Grenada 347,000,000 2004 &100000000000034020000003,402 &1000000000000007400000074
167  Bahamas, The 342,600,000 2004 est. &100000000000010670000001,067 &100000000000000060000006
168  Cape Verde 325,000,000 2002 &10000000000000714000000714 &1000000000000005200000052
169  Sao Tome and Principe 318,000,000 2002 &100000000000021930000002,193 &10000000000000349000000349
170  Saint Kitts and Nevis 314,000,000 2004 &100000000000064080000006,408 &1000000000000007900000079
171  Saint Lucia 257,000,000 2004 &100000000000015860000001,586 &1000000000000003200000032
172  Comoros 232,000,000 2000 est. &10000000000000430000000430 &10000000000000115000000115
173  Dominica 213,000,000 2004 &100000000000030000000003,000 &1000000000000007500000075
174  Samoa 177,000,000 2004 &10000000000000968000000968 &1000000000000004700000047
175  Solomon Islands 166,000,000 2004 &10000000000000355000000355 &1000000000000004400000044
—  Bermuda 160,000,000 FY99/00 &100000000000025750000002,575 &100000000000000050000005
—  Cook Islands 141,000,000 1996 est. &100000000000077560000007,756 N/A
176  Fiji 127,000,000 2004 est. &10000000000000150000000150 &100000000000000050000005
177  Marshall Islands 87,000,000 2008 est. &100000000000013770000001,377 &1000000000000005400000054
178  Vanuatu 81,200,000 2004 &10000000000000389000000389 &1000000000000002200000022
179  Tonga 80,700,000 2004 &10000000000000799000000799 &1000000000000003300000033
—  New Caledonia 79,000,000 1998 est. &10000000000000385000000385 &100000000000000030000003
—  Cayman Islands 70,000,000 1996 &100000000000020780000002,078 &100000000000000070000007
—  Faroe Islands 68,100,000 2006 N/A N/A
180  Micronesia, Federated States of 60,800,000 FY05 est.</small &10000000000000556000000556 &1000000000000002500000025
—  Greenland 58,000,000 2009 &100000000000010350000001,035 &100000000000000050000005
—  British Virgin Islands 36,100,000 1997 N/A N/A
181  Nauru 33,300,000 2004 est. N/A N/A
182  Kiribati 10,000,000 1999 est. &10000000000000120000000120 &1000000000000001400000014
—  Montserrat 8,900,000 1997 N/A N/A
—  Anguilla 8,800,000 1998 N/A N/A
—  Wallis and Futuna 3,670,000 2004 N/A N/A
—  Niue 418,000 2002 est. N/A N/A
—  Macau 0 2010 &100000000000000000000000 &100000000000000000000000
183  Taiwan 0 2005 &100000000000000000000000 &100000000000000000000000
184  Liechtenstein 0 2011 &100000000000000000000000 &100000000000000000000000

Notes

  1. ^ As the Bank of International Settlements explains, small countries with large financial sectors tend to have disproportionately large gross external debts as well as holding large cross-border debt assets.[1] Luxembourg is a net creditor country.

See also

Trade
Investment
Funds
Budget and debt
Income and taxes
Banking
Currency
Other

References

  1. ^ Debt – external. Definition in The World Factbook.
  2. ^ Debt - external, The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on the 29th of June 2011.
  3. ^ World Development Indicators, World Bank. Accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for Bermuda, Chad, Cyprus, Eritrea, Greenland, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Netherlands, New Caledonia and Turkmenistan.
  4. ^ Total Midyear Population, U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base, accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for Aruba, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, North Korea, Marshall Islands, Montenegro, Samoa, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago and West Bank.
  5. ^ The World Factbook - European Union, Central Intelligence Agency,accessed on June 29, 2011.
  6. ^ World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011, International Monetary Fund. Accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for the rest of the countries.
  7. ^ World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011, International Monetary Fund. Accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for Afghanistan, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, Fiji, Georgia, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iceland, Kiribati, Liberia, Mali, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Niger, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Tonga and Vanuatu.
  8. ^ .World Development Indicators, World Bank. Accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Chad, Cyprus, Eritrea, Greenland, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Netherlands, New Caledonia and Turkmenistan.
  9. ^ GDP (official exchange rate), The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on June 29, 2011. Note: Used for the rest of the countries.
  10. ^ [2]
  11. ^ [3]
  12. ^ "E3 New Zealand's overseas debt". Reserve Bank of New Zealand. http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/statistics/extfin/e3/data.html. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 

External links

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html

Debt instruments
Managing debt
Debt collection and evasion
Debt markets
Debt in economics